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  1. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection is an effective way to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19. Although the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA by RT‐qPCR is the gold st...

    Authors: Kengo Nishimura, Hiroaki Kitazawa, Takashi Kawahata, Kosuke Yuhara, Takahiro Masuya, Toshihiro Kuroita, Kentarou Waki, Seiichi Koike, Masaharu Isobe and Nobuyuki Kurosawa
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Inflammasomes are a group of molecules that are strongly involved in causing inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and Apoptosis-asso...

    Authors: Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi, Ali Shamsizadeh, Fatemeh Bahrehmand and Mitra Abbasifard
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. . Lack of exposure to the natural microbial diversity of the environment has been linked to dysregulation of the immune system and numerous noncommunicable diseases, such as allergies and autoimmune disorders....

    Authors: Laura Kummola, Martín I. González-Rodríguez, Pertti Marnila, Noora Nurminen, Tanja Salomaa, Lotta Hiihtola, Iida Mäkelä, Olli H. Laitinen, Heikki Hyöty, Aki Sinkkonen and Ilkka S. Junttila
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have shown promising results in adoptive immunotherapy. However, serum may play a determining role in the large-scale expansion of these cells for clinical applications. Acc...

    Authors: Zahra Jabbarpour, Seyed Sajjad Aghayan, Kobra Moradzadeh, Sasan Ghaffari and Naser Ahmadbeigi
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-based therapy in proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/non-microsatellite instability-high (non-MSI-H) metastat...

    Authors: Qing Wu, Ziming Wang, Yang Luo and Xianhe Xie
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Lung cavitation is associated with heightened TB transmission and poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between systemic inflammation and lung cavitation in drug-resistant TB ...

    Authors: Thando Glory Maseko, Slindile Ngubane, Marothi Letsoalo, Santhuri Rambaran, Derseree Archary, Natasha Samsunder, Rubeshan Perumal, Surie Chinappa, Nesri Padayatchi, Kogieleum Naidoo and Aida Sivro
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Fishing communities surrounding Lake Victoria in Uganda have HIV prevalence of 28% and incidence rates of 5 per 100 person years. More than 50% of the local fishermen are infected with Schistosoma mansoni (S. man...

    Authors: Andrew Ekii Obuku, Jacqueline Kyosiimire Lugemwa, Andrew Abaasa, Moses Joloba, Song Ding, Justin Pollara, Guido Ferrari, Alexandre Harari, Giuseppe Pantaleo and Pontiano Kaleebu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. New combinations based on standard therapeutic modalities and immunotherapy require understanding the immunomodulatory properties of traditional treatments. The objective was to evaluate the impact of brachyth...

    Authors: Isabel Linares, Miguel Ángel Berenguer Frances, Rut Cañas, Dina Najjari, Cristina Gutiérrez, Susanna Marín, Silvia Comas, Ferran Guedea and Monica Pujol
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Understanding the complex interactions of the immune response mediated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection is fundamental to disease biomarker discovery, vaccine, and drug development. Using flow c...

    Authors: Santhuri Rambaran, Thando Glory Maseko, Lara Lewis, Razia Hassan-Moosa, Derseree Archary, Sinaye Ngcapu, Nigel Garrett, Lyle R. McKinnon, Nesri Padayatchi, Kogieleum Naidoo and Aida Sivro
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a causative treatment in allergic rhinitis (AR), comprising long-term allergen administration and over three years of treatment. This study is carried out for revealing...

    Authors: Kai Fan, Shican Zhou, Ling Jin, Shiwang Tan, Ju Lai, Zimu Zhang, Jingwen Li, Xiayue Xu, Chunyan Yao, Zhiqiang Yan and Shaoqing Yu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. The immunity of CD4+ T cell subsets against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is considerable due to their essential role in controlling the infection in transplant individuals. Previously explained CD4+ subsets such ...

    Authors: Yashgin Hassanzadeh, Ramin Yaghobi, Parviz Pakzad and Bita Geramizadeh
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (pSS) is a lymphoproliferative disease with autoimmune characteristics, which is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands and involvement and dysfunction of extrag...

    Authors: Liyun Cheng, Lu Liu, Ronghui Su, Huanhuan Yan, Xiaoyu Zi, Chong Gao, Xiaofeng Li and Caihong Wang
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are known to be actively involved in various pathophysiological conditions, including neuronal inflammation, neuropathic pain, and various immunological ...

    Authors: Anukrishna Radhakrishnan, Tathagata Mukherjee, Chandan Mahish, P Sanjai Kumar, Chandan Goswami and Subhasis Chattopadhyay
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Dendritic Cell Cytokine-induced killer cell (DC-CIK) coculture treatment in cancer immunotherapy has been shown to be effective. However, the cost of DC- CIK therapy is prohibitive for many patients, and the l...

    Authors: Yi-Yen Lee, Shao-Ciao Luo, Chung-Hsin Lee, Chien-Lun Tang, Chiung-Chyi Shen, Wen-Yu Cheng, Yi-Chin Yang, Meng-Yin Yang and Chun-Ming Yen
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting different organ systems. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of 30 different human cytokines, chemokines, and growth fa...

    Authors: Laila A. Damiati, Iuliana Denetiu, Sami Bahlas, Samar Damiati and Peter Natesan Pushparaj
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Patients with Sjögren’s syndrome, like other patients with autoimmune disorders, display dysregulation in the function of their immune system. Fas and Fas Ligand (FasL) are among the dysregulated proteins.

    Authors: Irena Lindrova, Martina Kolackova, Tereza Svadlakova, Radka Vankova, Marcela Chmelarova, Michaela Rosecka, Eva Jozifkova, Martin Sembera, Jan Krejsek and Radovan Slezak
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Elevated levels of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) modulate immunologic pathways and are considered to be a danger signal in inflammation, lung fibrosis and cancer. Macrophages can be classified int...

    Authors: Benedikt F. Scherr, Martin F. Reiner, Flavia Baumann, Kerstin Höhne, Tobias Müller, Korcan Ayata, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Marco Idzko and Gernot Zissel
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. KIR/HLA mismatch in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), was related to decreased recurrence rates, improved engraftment, and a reduction ...

    Authors: Tahereh Bakhtiari, Mohammad Ahmadvand, Marjan Yaghmaie, Alireza Sadeghi, Seied Asadollah Mousavi, Tahereh Rostami and Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency syndrome resulting in recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and granulomatous manifestations.

    Authors: Hossein Esmaeilzadeh, Armita Jokar-Derisi, Amir Hossein Hassani, Reza Yazdani, Samaneh Delavari, Hassan Abolhassani, Negar Mortazavi and Aida Askarisarvestani
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The correlation between primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and autoimmunity shows ethnic and geographical diversity. The aim of our study was to accumulate more data in paediatric PID population.

    Authors: Karolina Pieniawska-Śmiech, Aleksandra Lewandowicz-Uszyńska, Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek and Marek Jutel
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Coevolution between pathogens and their hosts decreases host morbidity and mortality. Bats host and can tolerate viruses which can be lethal to other vertebrate orders, including humans. Bat adaptations to inf...

    Authors: Markéta Harazim, Juliette Perrot, Hugo Varet, Hervé Bourhy, Julien Lannoy, Jiri Pikula, Veronika Seidlová, Laurent Dacheux and Natália Martínková
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized for the skewed Th differentiation towards Th1 and Th17 cells as well as the impaired number and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are capable ...

    Authors: Jingjing Cao, Yanxia Zhan, Lili Ji, Pu Chen, Luya Cheng, Feng Li, Xibing Zhuang, Zhihui Min, Lihua Sun, Fanli Hua, Hao Chen, Boting Wu and Yunfeng Cheng
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Aspergillosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. PU.1 is critical for innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) in macrophages. However, the molecular mechanis...

    Authors: Min Wang, Ming Zhang, Jiayong Qiu, Chenyang Liu, Yao Lou, Tongsheng Wang, Yingmin Zhang and Yimin Mao
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. A major barrier to achieving a favorable outcome of chronic HBV infection is a dysregulated HBV-specific immune response resulting from immunosuppressive features of FOXP3+ T cells. A better definition of FOXP3+ ...

    Authors: Chunhua Wen, Zheyu Dong, Yiyue Wang, Guofu Ye, Yanchen Ma, Xuan Yi, Yang Zhou, Xiaoyi Li, Xinchun Zheng, Jinlin Hou, Yongyin Li and Libo Tang
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) have an increased risk of infections which is caused by pathomechanisms of the diseases itself but also as a result of anti-tumor therapy. Especiall...

    Authors: Christoph Lutz, Stefan Feiten, Geothy Chakupurakal, Jochen Heymanns, Jörg Thomalla, Christoph van Roye and Rudolf Weide
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Continuous attempts have been made to pinpoint candidate vaccine molecules and evaluate their effectiveness in order to commercialise such vaccines for the treatment of tropical fascioliasis in livestock. The ...

    Authors: Kanhu Charan Das, Ruchishree Konhar and Devendra Kumar Biswal
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2023 24:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Tuberculosis infection is a major complication of silicosis, but there is no study on whether silicosis can affect the sensitivity of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assays. This study will analyze the r...

    Authors: Xin Yu, Li-Na Huang, Jun-Chi Xu, Yi-Yan Song, Hui Chen, Cui-Lin Shi, Pei-Jun Tang, Tao Tao and Ye-Han Zhu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Multiple antigenic stimulations are crucial to immune system training during early post-natal life. These stimulations can be either due to commensals, which accounts for the acquisition and maintenance of tol...

    Authors: Julie Hervé, Karine Haurogné, Arnaud Buchet, Elodie Bacou, Grégoire Mignot, Marie Allard, Mily Leblanc-Maridor, Solenn Gavaud, Anne Lehébel, Elena Terenina, Pierre Mormède, Elodie Merlot, Catherine Belloc, Jean-Marie Bach and Blandine Lieubeau
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. The progression of acute-to-chronic atopic dermatitis is accompanied by multiple helper T-cell cytokine responses, but the mechanisms and relative importance of these changes remain unclear. There is no animal...

    Authors: Pengju Jiang, Yaguang Wu, Lu Liu, Lian Zhang and Zhiqiang Song
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Propofol is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its advantages of rapid onset and less adverse reactions. This study focused on the role of propofol in the balance of Th17/Treg in elderly patients with l...

    Authors: Can Cui, Dengwen Zhang, Ke Sun, Yi Zhu, Jindong Xu, Yin Kang, Guangyan Zhang, Yujin Cai, Songsong Mao, Ruichun Long, Jue Ma, Song Dong and Yi Sun
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. To determine the dynamic SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels induced by 3 doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac. An observational, prospective cohort study was performed with 93 healthy healthcar...

    Authors: Yue Tao, Mengyin Ma, Fenghua Hu, Ming Li, Yu Geng, Yawen Wan, Minxin Mao, Lin Chen, Ya Shen, Liguo Zhu, Han Shen and Yuxin Chen
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:57
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. A crucial role for the immune system has been proposed in the establishment and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we investigated the cytokine and regulatory profiles...

    Authors: Marzieh Norouzian, Fereshteh Mehdipour, Mohammad Javad Ashraf, Bijan Khademi and Abbas Ghaderi
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a group of autoimmune diseases and mono-macrophages are involved in its glomerular injuries. In this study, we aim to investi...

    Authors: Xiao-Ning An, Zhao-Nan Wei, Yin-Yin Xie, Jing Xu, Yan Shen, Li-Yan Ni, Hao Shi, Ping-Yan Shen, Wen Zhang and Yong-Xi Chen
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Sepsis still remains a major challenge in intensive care medicine with unacceptably high mortality among patients with septic shock. Due to current limitations of human CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells (Bregs) studie...

    Authors: Chunmei Wang, Huihui Xu, Rui Gao, Fengying Leng, Fangjie Huo, Yinzhen Li, Siting Liu, Mingzheng Xu and Jianwen Bai
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Macrophages are mononuclear CD34+ antigen-presenting cells of defense mechanism and play dual roles in tumor burden. The immunomodulatory and their antitumor function of β-defensin 2 is still unclear, despite the...

    Authors: Sonam Agarwal, Anita Chauhan, Khushwant Singh, Kunal Kumar, Rupinder Kaur, Marilyn Masih and Pramod Kumar Gautam
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are the most dominant ILCs in heart tissue, and sex-related differences exist in mouse lung ILC2 phenotypes and functions; however, it is still unclear whether there are s...

    Authors: Hongyan Peng, Shuting Wu, Shanshan Wang, Qinglan Yang, Lili Wang, Shuju Zhang, Minghui Huang, Yana Li, Peiwen Xiong, Zhaohui Zhang, Yue Cai, Liping Li, Youcai Deng and Yafei Deng
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells play a vital role in the protection against viral infections. In COVID-19, there is an impairment of dendritic cell (DC) function and interferon secretion which has bee...

    Authors: Anuradha Rajamanickam, Nathella Pavan Kumar, Arul Nancy Pandiaraj, Nandhini Selvaraj, Saravanan Munisankar, Rachel Mariam Renji, Vijayalakshmi Venkatramani, Manoj Murhekar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar, Tarun Bhatnagar, Manickam Ponnaiah, Ramasamy Sabarinathan, Velusamy Saravanakumar and Subash Babu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) is used traditionally in west Africa to treat asthma, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, filariasis microbial infections and conjunctivitis. This study investigated the immunomodula...

    Authors: Parker Elijah Joshua, Junaidu Yahaya, Daniel Emmanuel Ekpo, Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo, Arome Solomon Odiba, Rita Onyekachukwu Asomadu, Samson Ayodeji Oka and Olasupo Stephen Adeniyi
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Effects of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the exocrine glandular glands of Sjögren’s syndrome are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-dose IL-2 on salivary gland structure an...

    Authors: Junsong Wen, Fenglin Zhu, Xi Yu, Hualing Xie and Chengyin Li
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Cellular immune responses are phenotypically and functionally perturbed during HIV-1 infection, with the majority of function restored upon antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite ART, residual inflammation rema...

    Authors: Justin Pollara, Santosh Khanal, R. Whitney Edwards, Bhavna Hora, Guido Ferrari, Barton F. Haynes and Todd Bradley
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Considering the molecular heterogeneity of sarcomas and their immunologically quiet character, immunotherapy (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors) plays a viable role in only a subset of these tumors. This stud...

    Authors: Weiwei Weng, Lin Yu, Zhang Li, Cong Tan, Jiaojie Lv, I. Weng Lao, Wenhuo Hu, Zhenzhong Deng, Zebing Liu, Jian Wang and Midie Xu
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:46
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Excessive inflammatory response is the primary cause of early death in patients with endotoxemia. Interleukin 22 (IL-22) has been shown to play critical roles in the modulation of infectious diseases, but its ...

    Authors: Chang Yu, Qihua Ling, Junzhe Jiao, Juhong Liu, Zhihua Huang, Fang Wang, Xuehua Sun and Xiaoni Kong
    Citation: BMC Immunology 2022 23:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

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BMC Immunology

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