Table 1 Detection methods, formulas, and thresholds

ROR

ROR = (a/b)/(c/d)

95% CI > 1, N ≥ 2

95%CI = eln (ROR) ± 1.96(1/a + 1/b + 1/c + 1/d) ^0.5

PRR

PRR = [a/(a + c)]/[b/(b + d)]

PRR ≥ 2, χ2 ≥ 4, N ≥ 3

χ2 = Σ [(O − E)2/E]; [O = a, E = (a + b) (a + c)/(a + b + c + d)]

BCPNN

IC = log2a (a + b + c + d)/[(a + c) (a + b)]

IC025 > 0

IC025 = eln (IC) − 1.96(1/a + 1/b + 1/c + 1/d) ^0.5

MGPS

EBGM = a (a + b + c + d)/[(a + c) (a + b)]

EB05 ≥ 2, N > 0

EB05 = eln (EBGM) − 1.64(1/a + 1/b + 1/c + 1/d) ^0.5