Fig. 3

Culture results of blood and peritoneal lavage fluid and Quantification of neutrophil, monocyte, and macrophage counts in the peritoneal cavity. In the sham group, no bacterial growth was observed in either blood or peritoneal lavage fluid. No bacterial growth was observed in the blood from all mice groups, indicating no differences among the groups (A). Bacterial load was observed in the peritoneal lavage fluid; the levels were lower in the anti-IL-6, anti-PD-1, and anti-IL-6/PD-1 groups compared with the CLP group, and the combined anti-IL-6/PD-1 group had the lowest bacterial load (A, B). C Neutrophil counts of peritoneal lavage fluid. D Monocyte counts of peritoneal lavage fluid. E Macrophage counts of peritoneal lavage fluid. The number of mice included in each group was as follows: Sham (n = 3), CLP (n = 3), Anti-IL-6 (n = 3), Anti-PD-1 (n = 3), and Anti-IL-6/PD-1 (n = 3). Data are expressed as median and interquartile range; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001 as determined by one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test