Fig. 2

Inhibitory effects of autophagy on inflammasome activation in P. gingivalis -infected THP-1 macrophages under high glucose conditions. (A-C) THP-1 macrophages were pre-treated with rapamycin (1 µM) and were then infected with P. gingivalis for 24 h at a 50 mM glucose concentrations. (A) Cytotoxicity was assessed using an LDH assay. (B) A western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of proteins. Densitometry of the band intensity was performed. (C) IL-1β levels in cell supernatants were determined using ELISA. (D-F) THP-1 macrophages were pre-treated with zingerone (40 µM) and were then infected with P. gingivalis for 24 h at 50 mM glucose concentrations. (D) Cytotoxicity was determined using an LDH assay. (E) Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of proteins. Densitometry of the band intensity was performed. (F) IL-1β levels in cell supernatants were determined using ELISA. N.S: Not Significant. **P < 0.010 and *** P < 0.001. #p < 0.05 P. gingivalis infection versus P. gingivalis with rapamycin or zingerone