Fig. 2

Effects of GC stimulation on endothelial cells and immune cells. Normal stimulation inhibits production of common markers of endothelial activation/inflammation including MMPs and adhesion molecules, while promoting junction molecule expression. GC resistance (by either downregulation of GR or inability of GR to translocate to the nucleus [132]) lowers normal stimulation, thus contributing to a pro-inflammatory state. Black arrows indicate processes following normal stimulation. Red arrows indicate changes to normal processes which occur in resistance phenotype. Created in Biorender.com