Table 1 Age- and sex- adjusted participant characteristics by T2DM status (n = 7,093) a

No. of subjects

6,635

458

-

Age (y)

48.5 (48.2, 48.7) ^c

53.4 (52.4, 54.5)

< 0.0001

Sex (males, %)

58.9

77.1

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.0 (24.9, 25.1)

26.8 (26.5, 27.1)

< 0.0001

WC (cm)

83.7 (83.5, 83.9)

86.8 (86.0, 87.6)

< 0.0001

SBP (mmHg)

119.3 (118.9, 119.7)

122.6 (121.2, 124.1)

< 0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

76.4 (76.2, 76.7)

78.5 (77.5, 79.5)

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.90 (4.88, 4.93)

4.97 (4.88, 5.05)

0.19

TG (mmol/L)

1.27 (1.25, 1.28)

1.60 (1.53, 1.69)

< 0.0001

TyG index

8.52(8.14, 8.91)

8.96(8.65, 9.34)

< 0.001

LDL (mmol/L)

2.94 (2.92, 2.96)

2.96 (2.88, 3.04)

0.57

HDL (mmol/L)

1.36 (1.35, 1.36)

1.27 (1.24, 1.30)

< 0.0001

ALT (U/L)

19.8 (19.6, 20.1)

23.2 (22.2, 24.2)

< 0.0001

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m²)

105.6 (105.2, 106.1)

108.3 (106.6, 110.2)

< 0.01

Hs-CRP (mg/L)

0.82 (0.80, 0.84)

1.10 (1.00, 1.20)

< 0.0001

FBG (mmol/L)

4.96 (4.95, 4.97)

5.62 (5.57, 5.67)

< 0.0001

PBG2h (mmol/L)

5.97 (5.95, 6.00)

7.31 (7.19, 7.43)

< 0.0001

HbA1c (%)

5.43 (5.43, 5.44)

5.84 (5.82, 5.88)

< 0.0001

WBC (×1000 cells/mm³)

5.40 (5.36, 5.43)

5.60 (5.50, 5.70)

< 0.01

FIB (g/L)

2.68 (2.67, 2.69)

2.72 (2.68, 2.77)

0.08

ESR (mm/h)

6.80 (6.70, 7.00)

6.40 (6.00, 6.90)

0.11

Eosinophil proportion counts (%)

1.79 (1.75, 1.83)

1.80 (1.60, 1.90)

0.74

IgG (mg/dL)

1199.8 (1194, 1205.5)

1156.7 (1135.8, 1178)

< 0.001

IgE (IU/mL)

30.8 (29.7, 31.8)

31.7 (28.0, 36.0)

0.63

IgM (mg/dL)

97.8 (96.7, 98.9)

88.8 (85.1, 92.6)

< 0.0001

IgA (mg/dL)

216.1 (213.9, 218.4)

231.9 (223.1, 241.2)

< 0.001

Metabolic syndrome (%)

26.5

62.6

< 0.0001

Hypertension (%)

30.2

50.4

< 0.0001

Hyperlipidemia (%)

59.3

72.7

< 0.001

NAFLD (%)

38.7

72.7

< 0.0001

Inflammation disease (%)

22.6

29.4

< 0.01

Smoking status (%)

 Smoker

27.2

36

0.57

 Ex-smoker

4.92

8.88

0.12

 Non-smoker

67.9

55.1

0.15

Drinker (%)

 Everyday

4

6.02

0.53

 Sometime

53.9

58.1

0.9

 Ex-drinker

3.43

6.02

< 0.01

 Non-drinker

38.6

29.9

0.16

Family history of diseases (%)

 CVD

36.8

46.5

< 0.001

 Hypertension

52.9

60.5

< 0.01

 Hyperlipidemia

0.45

0

0.98

 T2DM

21.9

37.1

< 0.0001