Table 1 Baseline patients characteristics
HC (n = 34) | T2DM group (n = 8) | Stable HFpEF (n = 5) | Stable HFpEF + T2DM (n = 7) | ADHFpEF (n = 7) | ADHFpEF + T2DM (n = 6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 68 ± 1.7 | 75 ± 3.3 | 71 ± 3.2 | 82 ± 3.0* | 73 ± 3.5 | |
Males n (%) | 20 (58.8%) | 6 (75%) | 2 (40%) | 4 (57.1%) | 2 (28.6%) | 4 (66.7%) |
NYHA classification n (%) | ||||||
Class I | n/a | n/a | 0 (0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Class II | n/a | n/a | 3 (60%) | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 1 (16.7%) |
Class III | n/a | n/a | 2 (40%) | 1 (14.3%) | 2 (28.6%) | 2 (33.3%) |
Class IV | n/a | n/a | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 2 (33.3%) |
Etiology n (%) | ||||||
Ischemia | n/a | n/a | 0 (0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (33.3%) |
Cardiomyopathy | n/a | n/a | 1 (20%) | 5 (71.4%) | 3 (42.9%) | 1 (16.7%) |
Valvular | n/a | n/a | 0 (0%) | 3 (42.9%) | 1 (14.3%) | 2 (33.3%) |
Others | n/a | n/a | 4 (80%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (57.1%) | 0 (%) |
LVEF (%) | n/a | n/a | 54 ± 2.1 | 58 ± 1.5 | 57 ± 2.6 | 55 ± 1.3 |
Hypertension | n/a | 6 (75%) | 5 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 4 (57.1%) | 6 (100%) |
Dyslipidemia | n/a | 7 (87.5%) | 1 (20%) | 4 (57.1%) | 3 (42.9%) | 5 (83.3%) |
Stroke | n/a | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Biochemistry | ||||||
Creatinine (μmol/l) | n/a | 86.7 ± 8.6 | 147 ± 43 | 146 ± 17 | 127 ± 21 | 166 ± 26 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | n/a | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.6* | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.6 |
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | n/a | 1.35 ± 0.19 | 1.02 ± 0.12 | 2.06 ± 0.56 | 1.43 ± 0.13 | |
LDL (mmol/l) | n/a | 1.80 ± 0.12 | 2.23 ± 0.80 | 1.09 ± 0.23 | 1.64 ± 0.50 | |
Medication n (%) | ||||||
ACEi | n/a | 3 (37.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (16.7%) |
ARBs | n/a | 5 (62.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |
β-blockers | n/a | 3 (37.5%) | 3 (60%) | 5 (71.4%) | 5 (71.4%) | 5 (83.3%) |
Diuretic agents | n/a | 2 (25%) | 5 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 5 (71.4%) | 6 (100%) |
Statins | n/a | 8 (100%) | 2 (40%) | 3 (42.9%) | 2 (28.6%) | 5 (83.3%) |
Anticoagulants | n/a | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (100%) | 4 (57.1%) | 6 (85.7%) | 3 (50.0%) |
Sulfonylureas | n/a | 3 (37.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (33.3%) |
DDP-4 inhibitors | n/a | 5 (62.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (57.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (16.7%) |
GLP-1 agonists | n/a | 2 (25%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
SGLT-2 inhibitors | n/a | 2 (25%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (16.7%) |
Metformin | n/a | 7 (87.5%) | 1 (20%) | 4 (57.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (16.7%) |
Insulin | n/a | 1 (12.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (33.3%) |